Chevrolet Sonic Repair Manual: Starting System Description and Operation
The starter motors are non-repairable starter motors. They have pole pieces that are arranged around the armature. Both solenoid windings are energized. The pull-in winding circuit is completed to the ground through the starter motor. The windings work together magnetically to pull and hold in the plunger. The plunger moves the shift lever. This action causes the starter drive assembly to rotate on the armature shaft spline as it engages with the flywheel ring gear on the engine. Moving at the same time, the plunger also closes the solenoid switch contacts in the starter solenoid. Full battery voltage is applied directly to the starter motor and it cranks the engine.
As soon as the solenoid switch contacts close, current stops flowing thorough the pull-in winding because battery voltage is applied to both ends of the windings. The hold-in winding remains energized. Its magnetic field is strong enough to hold the plunger, shift lever, starter drive assembly, and solenoid switch contacts in place to continue cranking the engine. When the engine starts, pinion overrun protects the armature from excessive speed until the switch is opened.
When the ignition switch is released from the START position, the START relay opens and battery voltage is removed from the starter solenoid S terminal. Current flows from the motor contacts through both windings to the ground at the end of the hold-in winding. However, the direction of the current flow through the pull-in winding is now opposite the direction of the current flow when the winding was first energized.
The magnetic fields of the pull-in and hold-in windings now oppose one another. This action of the windings, along with the help of the return spring, causes the starter drive assembly to disengage and the solenoid switch contacts to open simultaneously. As soon as the contacts open, the starter circuit is turned off.
- Circuit Description (Key Start)
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When the ignition switch is placed in the Start position, a discrete signal is supplied to the body control module (BCM) notifying it that the ignition is in the Start position. The BCM then sends a message to the engine control module (ECM) notifying it that CRANK has been requested. The ECM verifies that the transmission is in Park or Neutral. If it is, the ECM then supplies 12 V to the control circuit of the crank relay. When this occurs, battery positive voltage is supplied through the switch side of the crank relay to the S terminal of the starter solenoid.
- Starting System Block Diagram
K20 Engine Control Module C1 Battery KR27 Starter Relay K9 Body Control Module T12 Automatic Transmission Assembly M64 Starter Motor S39 Ignition Switch
Starter Replacement (LUW)
Removal Procedure
Disconnect the negative battery cable. Refer to Battery Negative Cable
Disconnection and Connection.
Raise and support the vehicle. Refer to Lifting and Jacking ...
Battery System
...
Other materials:
Cleaning Exterior Lamps/ Lenses, Emblems, Decals and Stripes
Use only lukewarm or cold water, a soft cloth, and a car washing soap to clean
exterior lamps, lenses and emblems. Follow instructions under "Washing the Vehicle"
previously in this section.
Lamp covers are made of plastic, and some have a UV protective coating.
Use only lukewarm wat ...
Front Camber Adjustment
Note: DO NOT grind the front strut bores for the bolts to allow
adjustment of the front camber. There are service bolts available to allow
the front camber to be adjusted, if needed.
If the front camber is out of specifications, perform the following:
Remove the f ...
Turbocharger Installation
Special Tool
EN-49942 Holding Wrench
For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools.
Clean the sealing surfaces.
Replace the connect fittings on the turbocharger coolant feed pipe and the
turbocharger coolant return pipe. Refer to Turbocharger Disassemble and Turbocharger
Ass ...
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