Camber is the tilting of the wheels from the vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When the wheels tilt outward at the top, the camber is positive (+). When the wheel tilts inward at the top, the camber is negative (−). The amount of tilt is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber settings influence the directional control and the tire wear.
Too much positive camber will result in premature wear on the outside of the tire and cause excessive wear on the suspension parts.
Too much negative camber will result in premature wear on the inside of the tire and cause excessive wear on the suspension parts.
Unequal side-to-side camber of 1 degree or more will cause the vehicle to pull or lead to the side with the most positive camber.
Cross Camber is the difference between the left camber value and the right camber value.
Cross Camber = L camber − R camber
Aluminum Wheel Refinishing
Caster DescriptionAir Conditioning Compressor Oil Balancing
Draining Procedure
Note: Drain and measure as much of the refrigerant oil as
possible from the removed compressor.
Drain the oil from both the suction and discharge ports of the removed
compressor into a clean, graduated container. Rotate the compressor sha ...
Automatic Transmission Flex Plate Replacement
Automatic Transmission Flex Plate Replacement
Callout
Component Name
Preliminary Procedure
Remove the transmission. Refer to Transmission Replacement.
Special Tools
EN-470-B Angular Torque Wrench
EN-49979 Crankshaf ...
Cylinder Head Replacement
Special Tools
BO-38185 Hose Clamp Pliers
EN-45059 Angle Meter
For equivalent regional tools, refer to Special Tools.
Removal Procedure
Disconnect the negative battery cable. Refer to Battery Negative Cable
Disconnection and Connection.
Relieve fuel system pressure. Re ...